Abstract

Coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 continuously evolve as changes in the genetic code (performed by genetic mutations or viral recombination) occur during the Replication of the genome. Coronaviruses are important human and animal Pathogens. Viruses are always modifying, and that can cause a new Variant, or strain, of a virus to form. A variant generally does not affect How the virus works. But sometimes they make it acts in other different Ways. We will study the basics about the epidemiology, aetiology, virology Diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease. Some mutated Variants of SARS-CoV-2 which circulated previously in 2020 and 2021 Are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron.

Alpha

• Lineage: B.1.1.7
• Emerged in the U.K. in December 2020
• Key mutations in the spike protein: N501Y, P681H,Y144/145 deletion
• Source of most COVID-19 new cases in the U.S.

Beta

• Lineage: B.1.351
• Identify in South Africa in December 2020
• Key mutations in the tip of the spike protein: N501Y, K417N, E484K
• Detected in 68 countries and 35 U.S. states

Gamma

• Lineage: P.1.
• First identified in Brazil in late 2020 – Key mutations in the spike protein: N501Y, K417T, E484K
• Spread to 37 countries And 29 U.S. states

Delta

• Lineage: B.1.617.2
• First appeared in October 2020 – Key mutations: E484Q, L452R
• The fastest evolving mutant B.1.617.1 is known as Kappa

Omicron

• Lineage: B.1.1.529
• Appeared in Many Countries
• Fastest evolving mutant
• It is not yet known how easily Omicron spreads.

Summary

There are hundreds of coronaviruses are identified, and most of them circulate in animals. Only seven of these coronaviruses infect humans and four of them cause symptoms of the common cold/ fever. But, in the last 20 years, three times a coronavirus has jumped from animals to humans to cause severe disease/symptoms.

Prevention

• Frequently wash hands by using soap and water. If not available use alcohol-based sanitizer.
• When coughing and sneezing cover your mouth and nose With flexed elbow or tissue – throw away tissue immediately in a trash bin and wash hands.
• Avoid close contact with anyone who has a fever and cough.
• Clean surfaces and objects regularly. Disinfect with 1 tsp Of Clorox diluted with 2 cups of water.

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Acknowledgment:

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude topic committee (Clinoxy Solutions) for giving a big opportunity And support to presentation on my topic Conid 19 & it’s varients life-threatening in this Clinoxy Solutions article.

I would also like to thank the 72nd Indian Pharmaceutical Congress 2023 Nagpur Committee for presenting my abstract.

References:

• World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. https://www.who.int/en/activities
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). Variants of the Virus. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus
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Authors:

I am Aayush Raj Dubey. I pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy from G.S.R.M Memorial College of Pharmacy 720 Mohan Road, Bhadoi – 226008 affiliated with A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow. I am interested in the field of Medicinal Chemistry which combines aspects of chemistry, biology, and pharmacology to design, develop, and optimize new pharmaceutical compounds for therapeutic use.