INTRODUCTION 

In India policies are formulated and implemented by central or state legislature with bureaucrats, policies are planned and prepared for the development of the country and its citizens, and policies are formulated and executed within the boundary of legal and constitutional values with ethics and morality because bureaucrats musto check proper implementation and execution of policies for the betterment of society and its citizens, the civil servants are generally monitored and evaluated all the activities related to policy making, they are all expert in this field with proper knowledge and experience. In this topic, we will discuss some of the important points about what are the factors that affect policy formulation and implementation. Why does policy implementation not properly achieve its goal?

1) Lack of funds or budget:

Policy formulation and its successful implementation require a huge amount of capital, and resources, without sufficient money development work cannot be progressed. funds allocated by the state govt or Central govt must be sufficient amount, so that investment and large projects such as irrigation, Power, electricity generation and consumption, manufacturing unit, established large-scale industries, and large production of goods and services generate all these activities can be done without any kind of problem and trouble

2) Lack of planning and preparation:

In some cases, there is no planning about how to prepare a better and more productive policy in the national interest, without proper planning policy formulation and implementation cannot achieve its desired goal, and bureaucrats can't make a policy without a road map.policy formulation requires data and information availability, proper vision, and alternative ideas because if one policy fails to implement then the other will take over.  Policy formulation and implementation require all the elements of instructions and equipment that will benefit the citizen.

3) Lack of coordination between bureaucratic and ministerial, parliamentary structure:

Lack of coordination between the superior and the subordinate can damage the policy implementation process, and lack of communication and cooperation between the center, a state with the bureaucratic system may damage the policy administration process .policy formulation such as road, school, hospital, education, health all these services require cooperation in between all the civil servants and legislative system because each department has assigned a particular work and they should work with maintain coordination without interfere each other's work.

4) Lack of control:

In some cases, bureaucrats have no control over budget expenditures and other unnecessary expenses because lack of maintenance of records and information, if a project is implemented with better planning and with a fixed budget it will give benefit the citizen, unnecessary expenses hurt the economy of a country and create an unnecessary burden on taxpayers.

5) Lack of expertise and knowledge:

Bureaucrats are highly qualified and experienced personalities in our country, they clear various civil service competitive exams to qualify for this post, they are the protector of civil society, and they guide citizens to the right path and provide service to the civil society, they direct the civil community to the development path. but sometimes they lack the skill to handle the policy implementation process, sometimes they have no idea what will be the consequences that are attached to the police.? what is the purpose of the policy? What is the benefit getting from this policy implementation? These are some of the questions that sometimes can't be solved by the administrator.

6) Vote bank politics of politicians:

Various political parties and their leaders are trying to prepare policies that can help them to win elections such as the distribution of free laptops, uniforms, books, bicycles for school students, federations, and electricity to the poor people. all these policies are generally made for attracting voters, these tactics have short-term effects, but long-term impacts. Because the public likes all these schemes and freebies, and don't interest in work or wealth creation, as time goes on the public will want everything for free, so it is very dangerous to the national interest, but politicians want and pressurize the administrators for executing all these activities.

7) Heavy corruption and mismanagement in public administration:

In the policy administration and implementation system heavy corruption and lack of accountability are common, without proper checks and maintenance of data and information policy cannot be implemented successfully. lack of transparency in work and lack of responsibility to fulfill the criteria of policy implementation will cause severe damage to society, policymakers sometimes hesitate to take responsibility or put someone accountable instead of taking ownership, they generally practice corruption and fulfill their goals rather than doing their duties with principles, so policymakers should observe all these activities in each department of policy administration and positively monitor all these activities, there should be proper punishment or taking some corrective action towards the culprit in this system.

8) Abusive use of power and authority:

Bureaucrats have all the powers and authorities given by the constitution of India, they enjoy all this special treatment from govt of India, but sometimes they want to fill their interests by using their power and authority, sometimes they create a hurdle in policy implementation that will benefit to the nation, they use their force to the lower one or subordinate for corruption and wrong practices that hurts the national interest.

9) Lack of use of modern technology and equipment:

Our bureaucratic system operates the same from 1947 onwards, new attitudes and approaches for development in public administration are missed, although more reforms are coming, somehow heavy use of the internet, computers, new technological advancement equipment, and better training in handling of all the new technology can save more time and cost, maintenance of data and information through a computer is generally saved and lowest risk of error, so manage all these things with adapting and upgrading policy administration environment will achieve all the goals that will provide and contribute benefit to our society. 

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