Introduction

To attract and being attracted are two separate terms in the biological system but when they get connected they enhance the survival value of an organism. Plant finalizes their crucial events of life by means of attraction strategies. Seems confusing- Yes it is!

The diversity of flowers features various traits in organ symmetry, fragrance, and nectar-recruited pollinators or efficient workers for pollination. The contribution of floral traits (or mimicry of pollinators according to floral traits) to pollinator structure and their habit always shows coordination and co-relation. The inflorescence size is also an important factor as it increases the number of chances for visiting the flowers. Pollination, seed dispersal, and carnivorous nature in plants are important phenomena based on this policy. Since the plants are surrounded by a number of vectors such as abundant insects, birds, animals, etc. Accidentally or by chance these vectors come in the natural selection trends of plant evolutionary system to enhance their survival. Plants follow different modes of attraction like charismatic colorations, scents, resins, oils, waxes, and rewards (nectar, pollen, fleshy fruits). These rewards arise on the plant in order to get attention from the carriers. Whatever carrier is available in the surroundings, plant germplasm selects to develop the appropriate way or mechanism during the evolutionary timeline. To establish a system of attraction, plants have to bear a significant amount of loss in the form of glucose, fructose, sucrose, carbohydrates, amino acids, and certain volatiles. Similarly, pigments and essential oils are energy-rich expensive substances.

There is a perfect synchrony of plant developmental events with the active period of the target carrier. For instance, in the case of seed dispersal, it must be matured enough and its fruit should be ready to perform its task as the carrier comes to the zone of the plant for a limited period.

Pollination

Pollination targets pollen from the male system to the female system and the process terminates in fertilization. In the transmission process, this approach is applied to up to 90% of the plants worldwide. Honeybees are the key players that pollinate 85% percent of total insect pollination. honeybee is selected to such an extent because of their beneficial aspects such as high number, pollen kit, and high frequency of visiting. The attraction of pollinators are not only restricted to self-centeredness but plant provide rewards in the form of food supplements. With the course of evolution according to the behavior of insects, the pollination mechanism advances them to alteration in a number of pollen, size, and shape. It results in species diversification in plants. The role of natural selection is driven by insects either it will be survival strategies of insects of pollen dispersal mechanism both are under controversy that which communities in dominant or evolute instead both show mutualism in a positive way with the need for time. Plant intensely magnifies the nectar quantity in the flower to utilize the greed of vector for pollination. Pollen stickiness is adjusted to such an extent, that it gets attached at the site of dispersal to the target site. Mode of attraction turns to coloring guide signs, where UV rays make them available only restricted to some species. The UV invitation frequently attracts more insect bees to visit as UV light as compared to red light. Pattering of nectar guide discourages the bumblebee and ensures the plant to safe from nectar robbery. These sign indications perfectly design a roadmap for insect visits. And in this roadmap plant hides the secrecy of pollination.

In light of the basic principle of attraction, the mode alters to scent mode which is also pleasurable to humans but not strictly. As it becomes unpleasant rotten meat for moth attraction. Here natural selection shifted the pollination into the night to take advantage of moth availability and it is correlated with the white colored flower or reduced level of color attraction.

Seed Dispersal

As the plants are immobile in nature seed dispersal became the fundamental requirement to avoid competition otherwise have to suffer with the self-thinning rule. Plants wisely serve various types of bates in the form of fruits to secretly accomplish their mission of seed dispersal. Vector attraction is the primary step of seed dispersal. Once the carrier gets attracted the second phase becomes exposed and comes to action. Seeds pursue a variety of mechanisms including stickiness, resistance to digestive juices, and in-destructive hard coats. For instance, seeds of Desmodium species (stick tights) enveloped in pod bearing hooked hairs to stick themselves to thrive seed to new undesired hope for less competitive places. A new habitat for plants is a random event whose randomness is linked with the places where the vector wishes to visit. The route via the harsh digestive system allows the seed to germinate in an advantageous organic-rich medium. This route may become longer as it comes across with the secondary dispersers. Rattlesnake feeds on rodents to lengthen the pathway and even seeds sometimes begin to germinate in the colon of snake.

Carnivory

Animal feeding behavior is a product of natural selection similarly, plant carnivore habit has been developed in response to its mineral deficient environmental condition. Killing other organisms is not a characteristic/job of plants instead it has a completed and functional photosynthetic system but the habitat it selected or got forces the plant to develop such a habit. Moreover, it is an adaptation well-fitted for plant survival and has been fixed in the evolutionary history of plants. Generally, the prey or nutrient-rich source insect is not interested in coming in close proximity to the plant. To create interest in insect brains, plants select to serve attraction systems such as stunning color, sweetness, scent, and other deadly goods. In the shade of attraction, plants capture the insects digest them, and get nutrition. Precisely the plant mixed the nectar with coniine (alkaloid narcotic drug) causing the insect to slip and fall down to meet digestive juices the next planned phase of nutrient extraction.

Conclusion

With the diversity in the environmental conditions, there is a need to cope with them. The visitors and host relation is very curious but dependable up to some extent. The planning of attraction and sharing of own property either by mutualism or predation create questions about their interactions. The survival value of one community is higher compared to visitors.

.    .    .