Artificial Intelligence

In the Corona Pendemic situation, everyone of us have closely observed that technology has the power to satisfy almost every need of human being to live a quality life at its best, right from online shopping for household chores, emergency medicines to even child education available at the fingertips. So this era of technology will definitely help to grow mankind with the use of number of brainstorming innovations evolving day by day at both ends software as well as hardware. Definitely one must learn what is artificial intelligence to have more insight into this trending technological world.

What is exactly Artificial Intelligence ?

The simulation of human intelligence processes or methods performed by machines, especially computers is called as an Artificial intelligence. Some well known applications of AI include natural language processing, expert systems, machine vision and speech recognition.

Operating Methodology

In AI systems generally huge amounts of labelled training data are ingested, analysis of the data is done for correlations as well as patterns, and then these patterns are used for making predictions about the future states. A chatbot previously fed with the examples of text chats can then interpret and understand using this method, to produce lifelike exchanges with an image recognition tool or the people and hence it can learn to identify and describe objects in images by reviewing and testing millions of example samples.

Programming of AI primarily focuses on three cognitive techniques (Processes):
learning, reasoning and self-correction.

Learning: 

This process primarily focuses on acquiring data and then creating rules for how to turn the given data into an actionable information format. The algorithms (dataflow of instructions), gives the computing devices with stepwise instructions for how to complete(execute and simulate) a specific task assigned.

Reasoning:

This process of AI programming chooses the correct algorithm to arrive at a desired outcome or task.

Self-correction:

This process of AI programming is created to rigorously fine-tune algorithms and then confirm that they provide the most accurate and desired results possible as per the allotted task or function.

Importance of Artificial Intelligence

AI shows its intelligence by helping the enterprises to achieve discreteness into their operations at such a level that they might not have been aware of previously and hence, in some cases, AI can execute or simulate tasks or functions better than humans, when it comes to detail-oriented (deep or complex tasks) and repetitive or looped tasks like analysing large numbers of legal documents to confirm relevant fields are filled in accurately. So AI tools often complete jobs quickly as well as with a greater pace with comparatively few errors and bugs.

Advantages

1. Reduced time for data-heavy and complex tasks.
2. Efficient at detail-oriented jobs.
3. AI-powered virtual agents are always available.
4. Delivers consistent results as per the tasks assigned.

Disadvantages

1. Needs deep technical expertise.
2. Much Expensive.
3. Only analyses what it's been shown or given.
4. Cant generalize and switch from one task to another.
5. Availability of limited qualified workers to develop efficient AI tools.

Types of artificial intelligence

AI can be categorized into four types, starting with the task-oriented intelligent systems in abundant use today and then progressing to sentient systems, which do not yet exist. The categories are as mentioned below:

1. Reactive machines AI.

They have no memory and are task oriented.

2. Limited memory AI.

They have memory, and hence can use past experiences to interpret future decisions. So the decision-making functions in self-driving cars are designed like this way.

3. Theory of mind AI.

Theory of mind is basically a psychology term. When applied to AI, it indicates that the system would have the social intelligence to understand and analyse emotions. So this sort of AI will be able to exhibit human intentions ,psychology and then predict behaviour, a necessary and important feature for AI systems to become an important member of human teams.

4. Self-aware AI.

These AI systems have a sense of self, which makes them conscious. These machines with self-awareness analyse their self current state. This AI does not yet exist.

What are the applications of AI?

Artificial intelligence has its availability in a wide variety of markets. Here are some examples.

1. Healthcare: The biggest challenges nowadays are basically on improving patient outcomes reducing costs. Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnosis as compared to humans. Example of the best-known healthcare technologies is IBM Watson. It interpret natural language and then respond to questions asked to it. The system mines patient data and other available data sources to make a hypothesis, which it then presents along with a confidence scoring schematic. Other applications include online virtual health assistants and the chatbots to help patients as well as the healthcare customers to find out the medical information,then scheduling the appointments, interpret and create the billing process and then complete other administrative tasks. An array or a set of AI technologies is also being used to predict, combat and understand the critical tasks related to pandemics like COVID-19.
2. Business: Machine learning algorithms are used into analytics as well as customer relationship management (CRM) platforms to open up the information on how to better serve target customers. Chatbots have been incorporated into websites to implement immediate services to target customers. Automation of various job positions has also become a talking point among academics as well as IT analysts.
3. Education: AI can also automate grading, hence giving educators more time. It can assess the students and then adapt to their needs, thus helping them to work at their own pace. AI tutors can provide additional assistance to students, ensuring they stay on track to achieve success. And it could modify where and how students learn, by even replacing some teachers.
4. Finance: In personal finance applications, like Intuit Mint or TurboTax, the personal data is collected and then accordingly financial advice is given. Other programs, like IBM Watson, AI have been applied to the process of buying or renting a home even it is also used for trading.
5. Manufacturing: Manufacturing has been at the forefront of introducing robots into the workflow. The industrial robots are one time programmed to perform single tasks and separated from human workers, increasingly function as robots. Smaller, multitasking robots that collaborate with human beings and then take on responsibility for more parts of the job in warehouses, factory floors as well as the other workspaces.
6. Banking: Banks are successfully making use of chatbots for making their customers to be aware of services as well as offerings and to handle transactions that don't need human intervention . Nowadays to improve as well as to cut the costs of compliance with the banking rules and regulations, virtual assistants are being used. AI is also used by the Banking organizations to improve their decision-making to set credit limits, for loans and to identify investment opportunities.
7. Security: AI is at the top of the buzzword list security vendors use today to differentiate their services. Those represent truly viable technologies. Organizations incorporate machine learning and AI in security information and event management (SIEM) software systems and related areas so as to detect any anomalies and to identify suspicious activities which indicates threats. Through analysis of the data and using base logic to identify similarities to already known malicious code, AI can then provide alerts to new and emerging attacks much quicker as compared to the human employees and previous technology iterations and old technologies. The maturing and innovative technology is playing a key role in helping organizations combat off major cyber attacks.

Although AI tools represents plenty of range of novel functionality for businesses, the wide use of artificial intelligence also raises ethical questions and threats because, either for better or worse, an AI system will always execute the task or a function what it has already learned or created to execute.

AI as an offering by various MNCs

As hardware, staffing and softwares for AI nowadays are much expensive, many vendors are incorporating AI components in their standard offerings or services and are providing access to artificial intelligence as a service (AIaaS) platforms. This incorporation allows individuals as well as companies to experiment or execute with AI for wide business functions to sample and analyse multiple platforms before making a commitment.

Most of the prominent AI cloud offerings include IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Services, Google AI and Amazon AI.

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