Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Guru of Sikhs, was born on 15 April 1563 at Goindwal to father Guru Ram Das Ji and mother Bibi Bhani Ji. His father Guru Ram Das ji, with the permission of Guru Amar Das ji, built a town between the villages of Gumtala, Sultanwind and Tung 500 Bighas land that bought with 700 Akbari gold coins, which he named 'Guru Ka Chak'. Here he completed the excavation of the 'Santokhasar' tank and started paving it and dug another tank near Dukh Bhanjani Beri. They also built a palace for their stay here, which is called 'Guru Ke Mahal'. The entire family of Guru Ji lived here. After spending seven years on the Gurta Gaddi, Guru Ram Das ji passed away at Goindwal. There, on September 1, 1581, Guru Arjan Dev ji sat on the Gurta-gaddi. After Guru Pita's Dussehra and Gurtagadi rituals, he came to Amritsar the next month. On coming here, he completed the service of Santokhsar Sarovar started by Guru Ram Das Ji and also completed the Dukhbhanjani Beri Sarovar and named it 'Amritsar'. In the middle of this tank, on the day of Maghi on January 3, 1588, he laid the foundation of Harmandir Sahib from Sufi Fakir Sai Mian Mirji. Guru ji brought traders and all kinds of workers from all sides and settled here. The city was named 'Ramdaspur'. they started the principle of taking tithe for the religious work of Sikhs for the maintenance of the works. When the construction work of Sri Harmandir Sahib was completed, he established it there by editing the Bir of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. The establishment of Guru Granth Sahib ji gave perfection to the Sikh religion, but he gave the oil to roots of pride that was spread everywhere. Due to which the oppositional religion became the main enemy of Sikhism. Prithi Chand, the brother of Guru Arjan Dev ji, could never forget the hurt caused by not getting the Gurta-gaddi and kept looking for opportunities to harm him.

Professor Puran Singh writes that he sent a delegation of clerics to Emperor Akbar to protest against the creation of the Guru Granth Sahib, and that the book was full of blasphemy against both Hinduism and Muslims. The king had met the Gurus and sympathized with the Guru's house. So he dismissed the suit. Emperor Akbar died shortly after. Jahangir sat on the throne in his place, who had a fundamentalist ideology due to the association of his religious guru Sheikh Ahmad Sarhandi. Because of this ideology, he was also a staunch opponent of Guru-ghar. About which he describes the 'Guru Ghar' in Tujke-Jahangiri as a shop of fraud. It was a period of upheaval in Mughal rule, when Jahangir's brother Prince Khusro rebelled against him. Khusrau was fleeing from Jahangir's forces on his way to Kabul. On the way he sought help from Guru Ji. He had come to Guru Ji with his father before and knew about his kindness. When Guru Arjan Dev ji saw his pitiable condition, he gave him five thousand rupees as help so that he could reach Kabul. This benevolent behavior of the Guru was promoted by his enemies, led by Pirthi Chand, as a serious political offense against the then Emperor of India. About this he informed Jahangir's Hindu minister Chandu who had already become a staunch enemy of Guruji. Because Guru ji did not accept his daughter's relationship with his son. In fact, according to the prevailing custom of that time, Chandu sent his Brahmin Prohat to find a suitable groom for his daughter, when he looked at Hargobind Sahib, the handsome son of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, and settled the relation.

When he went and told this news to Chandu, Chandu said in a very arrogant tone that he had downgraded the relationship according to his status. According to the saying, 'Chubare di it mori nu la diti' put the brick of the attic in the hole. When the Sangat of Lahore came to know about these arrogant words of his, they sent a message to the Guruji not to accept the relationship of the daughter of this arrogant person, who calls the Guru's house a 'hole'.

Guru ji took a decision according to the feelings of the Sangat and refused the relationship. Due to which Chandu became Guruji's enemy and started thinking of getting revenge. The information given by Prithi Chand dashed his hopes. Because Jahangir had reached Lahore following Khusrau. Chandu exaggerated the whole incident to incite the emperor against the Guru, as if an attempt had been made to overthrow Jahangir with the help of Khusro. The emperor invited the Guru there through Murtaza Khan, the governor of Lahore. Guru ji understood the situation well. Therefore, before leaving, Baba Budhaji and other chiefs had come to inform the Sikhs of their decision about the Gurta Gaddi. When Jahangir saw Guruji, he understood from his appearance that he could not be a traitor. Meetings were held for several days. Chandu also remained active so that the king would not take a decision in favor of Guruji. He asked Jahangir to ask the Guru why he helped Khusro. The Guru replied that, "Khusro was in distress and pleaded for help. This is Guru Nanak's house where every human being who seeks help is helped. Helping the needy was not rebellion against the emperor." Jahangir knew of Guru Nanak's house, yet he asked the Guru to pay a fine of two lakhs to retain the royal throne. Guru Ji said that, "Whatever they have belongs to the Sangat, which they cannot give. But even if they had money, they would not give because they have not done anything wrong." The last and main allegation was about the creation of Guru Granth Sahib. In which it was asked to change and write the praise of Hazrat Muhammad Sahib. Then the Guru said, "Badshah, this is "Dhur Ki Bani" Recital of Godi. It cannot be changed. It contains the praise of the King of creation, on whose feet millions of prophets stand." After this, Jahangir handed over Guruji to Chandu to collect a fine from him. According to Professor Puran Singh, it was handed over to Chandu with the promise that only a fine would be collected. Without any unnecessary torture.

But Chandu was not going to fulfill this promise. Chandu brought Guruji to his mansion. They brought Guru ji there and started inhumane torture. The example of which was nowhere in history before that. In the month of Jeth, hot sand was poured on their heads by placing them on burning iron. Boiled in a pot of water. This torture would be stopped during the day when Chandu would come to Guruji and ask that if he approves of his daughter's relationship, he would stop everything. Guru ji did not listen to him. The Sangats of Lahore were ready to release the Guru by paying a fine. Sai Mian Mirji was ready to go and talk to Jehangir. But Guru ji asked everyone to believe in God's order by prohibiting it. When Sai Mian Mir looked at the sky, all the gods of the heavens were gathered there. The fairies spread their wings like a tent. Everyone was sad but Guru Ji was calm and steadfast. Because Guru ji was suffering torture for his Sikhs whom he wanted to make strong to stand against oppression. Sai Mian Mir saw this scene with filled eyes and bowed down to the Guru Ji and left there quietly. Finally, Chandu made up his mind to suffocate Guruji in the fresh skin of a cow. In which they were to be given a seat. Seeing this preparation of Chandu, Guru ji expressed his desire to bathe in Ravi. They were taken in prisoners' clothes to the Ravi, which at that time flowed up to the walls of the

Lahore Fort. The Sikhs gathered there looked at the Guru and the Guru looked at them. The Guru again asked him to remain calm and take care of himself and surrendered his body to the river Ravi. He left this earth singing Japuji Sahib. The devotees watched him go with peace and deep sorrow.

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