INTRODUCTION

“Do not make your stomach a graveyard of animals.” ~ George Bernard Shaw.

At this very moment, before the world, there are two demons, who are standing and threatening humans to destroy them and their offspring's lives. These two demons are extremely devastating and have the ability to ruin and rupture the face of the future of the planet. The first one is terrorism and the second one is climate change. The former is either due to the atrocities of one community over the other or due to the dissatisfaction of one community over the other. The latter one is that demon which is procreated by the humans themselves just for the sake of consumption, entertainment and making life more comfortable for themself only. Climate change is a detrimental reality for this planet and we are to deal with it in any way and anyhow, if we want to live on this planet. Before going into this let's have a better understanding of what is climate change and how it is occurring.

Climate change is nothing but rapid global warming which is due to the adverse consequences of the greenhouse gas effect. What does it mean? It means that there are certain gases in our atmosphere which are responsible for keeping this planet warm and those gases are carbon dioxide, water vapour, nitrous oxide, methane and chlorofluorocarbons. When these same gases increase in huge amounts in the atmosphere it causes global warming and this leads to rapid and adverse climate change.

Notably, climate change is a natural phenomenon because it was always there and that's the reason why so many species have extinct and come into being over a while. There is no major disadvantage of climate change; it used to happen and it will happen.

Nowadays, however, the speed of global warming has expedited unprecedently because of GHG emissions and that causes detrimental effects on everything on this planet whether it is a living or non-living thing.

For this climate change, everyone is responsible; for a particular reason a set of people are responsible and for another reason another set of people are responsible. Similarly, the consumption of meat is one of the prime reasons for climate change and this Non-vegetarians are responsible. Even though it is true that the availability and consumption of food items is dependent on the geographical and climatic conditions, despite that if you have the alternatives then why choose to eat flesh and why not choose plants? If consumption of something is causing depletion of the life of biotic components then why not choose plants?

WHAT IS METHANE AND LIVESTOCK RELATIONSHIP? 

Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH4). It is flammable and is used as a fuel worldwide. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG), which has an atmospheric lifetime of around a decade and affects the climate for hundreds of years. Methane has more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide over the first 20 years of its lifetime in the atmosphere. The common sources of methane are oil and natural gas systems, agricultural activities, coal mining and wastes.

The maximum production of methane Gas takes place from ruminants like cows, and buffaloes because when these cattle consume any material then in their digestive system itself somehow the methane Gas releases. Apart from these cattle that is one crop and that is paddy from where the methane Gas releases maximum in case of any crop. Ruminant livestock and manure livestock management contribute to approximately 32% of global anthropogenic methane emissions.

WHY ARE MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS A HAVOC ON THE ENVIRONMENT?

As we know there is not even a single thing that happens without any reason. The same principle also works here. There are some reasons which cause rapid and devastative climate change and those reasons are as follows:

• Burning of fossil fuel
• Rapid growth of industrial revolution 
• Meat and dairy products 
• Desires and dissatisfaction of humans
• Lust of consumption 

All the above-mentioned points are the prime reasons which are responsible for climate change. If we want to sustain and let other organisms sustain on this planet, these issues need to be figured out as soon as possible.

Consumption of meat and dairy products is one of the top three major reasons for climate change. Methane and carbon dioxide are the gases released from the production of meat and dairy products.

To have a better Comprehension of this issue we are to know why and how are meat and dairy products responsible for climate change and how are non-vegetarians responsible for it.

1. How is the meat produced?

As per the words of PETA President and co-author of Animalkind, Ingrid E. Newkirk, "Almost all of us grew up eating meat, wearing leather, and going to circuses and zoos. Many of us bought our beloved “pets” at pet shops and kept beautiful birds in cages. We wore wool and silk, ate McDonald’s burgers, and fished. We never considered the impact of these actions on the animals involved. For whatever reason, you are now asking the question: Why should animals have rights?".

Use of land: As per the data accumulated by FAO of UN and Poore & Nemecek(2018) and licensed under Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser(2023), whatever land we have on this planet Earth, that can be categorized as habitable surface which is 76%, glaciers 10% and 14% barren land. In habitable land only 45% is for agriculture purposes, 38% for forest and the remaining 17% for other purposes. In agricultural land, 80% of land is used for Livestock 16% is for cropland and 4% for the production of non-food crops. Surprisingly 2/3rd of agricultural data is used for Livestock and 1/3rd is only used for cropland of humans and non-crop products. As you can see, the area of land used for livestock – including grazing land and croplands for animal feed – is as large as the entire Americas. Croplands – used for direct human food and non-food uses such as biofuels – are as large as the land area of China. Despite the vast amount of land used for livestock animals, they contribute quite a small share of the global calorie and protein supply. Meat, dairy and farmed fish provide just 17% of the world’s calories, and 38% of its protein. The above-mentioned data show how cruel humans are to produce meat. The entire process starts with deforestation wherein the forests are cut to make shading areas for breeding and letting the animals take rest. To grow crops for them so that they can be fed. Apart from this slaughterhouses and cold storages are also constructed to chop the animals and freeze them respectively so that they can be supplied within the country and also across the world to get some amount of money but when we are doing this we are to face huge economic and environmental degradation in the form of global warming. However, none want to talk about this whether they are politicians, sports persons, actors, actresses and even civil servants.

Atrocities on animals: 

We, humans use animals for multifold purposes like milk, wool, skin, flesh, egg, and horn and medicinal purposes. Globally, we consume around 350 million tons of meat a year. By 2050, global meat consumption is projected to reach between 460 million and astonishingly 570 million tons. 570 million tons would mean a consumption of meat twice as high as in 2008. As many as 72,000,000,000 animals are slaughtered for human meat consumption annually. 95% are chicken but the numbers include over 300 million cattle and 1.5 billion pigs. Poultry (mainly chicken), pigmeat and beef make up over 92 % of global meat production. India domestically consumed over 3 million metric tons CWE of beef and veal in 2023. The country stands at the fifth position, after the United States, China, Brazil and the EU regarding domestic consumption in a particular year.

(i) Gaint ruminants: 

The animals that give milk and wool are bred a lot so that the supply can be increased and demand can be fulfilled. 

For instance, Cow, Buffalo, Camel, Sheep etc. 

When, however, these same animals become unable to produce more due to giving birth unnecessarily to their offspring in an unnatural way like artificial insemination, by getting old, getting sick in staying in poor physical conditions, by consuming chemically inundated food kinds of stuff; then they are chopped in the slaughterhouses and packed in plastic covers and sell all over the world in the name of sophisticated beef. When mothers stop producing milk, they are inseminated again. Their female calves will endure the same cycle.  The surprising thing is that people consume that packed meat and thereafter we all give lectures on safeguarding the climate and showing our love for pet animals like dogs, rabbits, cats and so on. Notably, when these ruminants like cows and buffaloes give birth to a male offspring then within a few days they are separated from each other and the offspring remains deprived of the love of her mother and cannot get his mother's milk. Further, after one or two months they are slaughtered because they are of no use for the businessmen of meat and dairy. In the U.S., more than 29 million cows suffer and die in the meat and dairy industries every year. When still very young, many cows are branded (burned with hot irons), dehorned (their horns are gouged out or cut or burned off), and castrated (male cattle have their testicles ripped out of their scrotums)—all without painkillers. In India, cows are worshipped by Hindus and they seldom eat them but the irony is that India is the biggest exporter of beef in the world. 

(ii) Goat and Pig: 

In the case of animals like goats and pigs. They are bred with the intention that as soon as they grow up, they will be killed and sold. When the goat is alive, it is called a goat but when it is killed to sell, it is called a mutton. Wow, what a game of humans is, interesting. Aren't they? Similarly, when the pig is alive it is known as a pig, when it is slaughtered it is called pork. If you are thinking that they grow naturally, you are wrong because goats are made them drink salty water so that their body grow up soon and their flesh becomes thick. Pigs are consumed in the Western world fondly and they are consumed soon. Pigs spend their lives in cages so small they can’t even turn around. Many pigs will die without veterinary care, tossed haphazardly into the trash bin. Some will be killed with hammers or thrown against walls. 

(iii) Cock\Hen: 

 If we talk about the most consumed living organism in the world then that is cock\hen. As the previous examples when cock or hen is alive it is known by its name but when it dies, it is called a chicken. I think the logic behind changing the names of the animals and birds is that humans don't want to feel that they are consuming the lives of living organisms. How disgusting it is! As soon as the cock took birth after a few weeks they are slaughtered. In the case of hens, however, they suffered great trauma for almost 2 consecutive years in which they were bred in poultry farms where they were fed chemically laced food grains. On account of that, they get eggs produced by consuming chemicals and thereafter they die traumatically in extremely deplorable physical conditions. 

It is figured out that more than 60 per cent of the world’s eggs are produced in industrial systems that implement lower-welfare practices.

Notably, 7 billion one-day-old male chicks are killed each year by the commercial egg industry. In the US alone, over 350 million day-old male chicks are immediately killed by the extremely painful and barbaric practice of maceration.

2. Devastation of the environment due to meat?

Impact on climate: 

On this planet, there are two types of food crops exist. The first one denotes animal-based food which is mainly obtained by slaughtering the animals. The second one denotes plant-based food, which indicates cereals, grains and so on. The former produces twice the carbon emission as compared to the latter one. As per the UN, meat and dairy products are responsible for 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions. 

Deforestation is happening across the world to increase the area to grow crops to feed the cattle which causes carbon emission and global warming. 

According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations,14.5% of all human-caused GHG emissions are drawn from livestock farming, an industry that emits not only carbon dioxide (CO2) but also methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Though methane and nitrous oxide do not remain in the atmosphere as long as CO2, their respective climate warming potential is about 25 times and 300 times higher than that of carbon dioxide.

Most emissions in livestock farming result from feed production (58%) and are released during animals' digestive processes (31%); ruminants like cows, buffalo, sheep and goats produce large quantities of methane during their digestive system. Processing and transport account for a sizable share of greenhouse gas emissions (7%), as well, as the storage of manure (4%). About 87% of methane and nitrous oxide emissions in livestock farming are attributable to cattle farming because of the sheer number of animals. It can be estimated that about 15% of global greenhouse emissions are extracted from livestock farming — almost on par with those produced by the transport sector.

A large percentage of methane emissions, for example, is linked to dairy cows. It is needed for us to understand that the milk which we consume costs not only money but much more than that such as it costs the hungry which should be taken by calves instead of us. Further, we never think about what must be happening with the cows, and buffaloes when they get old or when they stop giving milk. The fact is that they keep on pregnant so that they continuously give milk and when they become unable to conceive. They are slaughtered and served before the people on the plates. How shameful it is! Keeps on filling the stomachs of our children by not giving milk to her children the end when she becomes helpless we kill her to snatch and chew the flesh of her body. Tell me don't you feel hatred towards yourself?

Impact on humans:

The consequences of climate change are a disaster not only for the environment but also for the living of human beings. Consumption of meat is increasing as the standard of living of the people is increasing because they think that it's ok to consume meat. People don't want to pay attention towards comprehending the fact that how meat and dairy products are ruining the environment plus human life. Let's try to drown into it, to know the impact of it. First of all, 2\3rd of the agricultural land is used for growing products to feed the animals and shelter them and the remaining is used for croplands for humans. In this world, millions of people are even not able to feed their families twice a day properly and at the same point we are using agricultural land for meat production. Secondly, due to the low production food products are getting expensive.

Thirdly, due to climatic change crops are affected and production goes down. Fourthly, methane gas is more dangerous than carbon dioxide and thus it makes the planet warmer which causes natural calamities like the El Nino effect, drought, flood, forest fire etc. which affects the life of the people and destroys the property. Fifthly, due to excessive heat people are not able to bear that causing some diseases like itching, irritation in the eyes, anxiety, stroke etc. Sixthly, so much adulteration is done by administering injections to animals and adding a lot of preservatives to enhance the life of the rotten meat to sell in markets and hotels. As a result, this causes several diseases like allergies, cancer, infection in body organs etc. 

In addition to this, there are some estimates as per the United Nations such as due to climate change edible products will keep on becoming expensive at the rate of 3%, due to climate change the GDP of India reduced to 8%, due to climate change the GDP on India may reduce till 35%. From 2016 to 2021, Indian farmers have to face a loss of 31,000 crore due to climate change. As per ILO, due to extreme heat till 2030, Indians will face the loss of 3.4 crore jobs.

WHY MEAT IS CONSUMED BY PEOPLE?

We all are well aware of the severe disadvantages of the consumption of meat despite that we are not disassociating ourselves from its consumption. Why so? It is essential to understand this thing so that we can understand the rooted reasons and we can make the people understand that due to those mearge reasons the whole planet has to suffer which includes not only humans but also the varied species of plants and animals, marine animals, freshwater, glaciers and so on. Let's take a look at those reasons owing to which people are observed interested in consuming meat:

Geographical reason: 

The geographical condition of the world is unevenly distributed all over the world. Thus the weather condition varies in the spectrum from extreme cold to extreme hot regions. In cold regions, either crops are hard to grow or people feel too cold thus they prefer to eat meat to fill their stomachs and keep their bodies warm.            

For example China, Russia, Turkey, Mongolia, European nations and so on. Apart from this in the hot regions, the lands are barren, scarcity of water, not suitable to grow plants, mostly animals and found. Therefore in such regions consumption of meat is also in prevalence. For example: African nations and Middle Eastern countries. To a considerable extent, it is justifiable to consume meat in above mentioned regions but if 2/3rd of the agricultural land can be used for growing cereals for humans then the people who are suffering from starvation in Africa and so many nations will be able to satisfy their hunger and there will be no need to cut the throat of animals to consume them. Wherever the big cities are established near the coastline the residents of those cities are interested in having cuisines which are based on meat and this is one of the examples of why geography plays an important role in determining the food type but at the same time now when the world is passing through such a vulnerable condition then we need to move towards the plant-based products only. The regions like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the USA, Thailand, Indonesia, Brazil, Argentina and so on where cereals are easily available there people consume meat. Even though in India, consumption of meat is less India is the biggest exporter of beef in the world.

Religious regions: 

Often people associate the consumption of meat with religion. Sometimes due to superstitiousness in the name of delighting God by sacrificing the lives of innocent animals. For example: In Islam, during the time of Bakrid/Eid al Adha goats are slaughtered by almost all the families of the Muslim people. In Hinduism, during times of war like situations or any rare major events or in the form of offerings in some temples animals are sacrificed. In the same or distinct manner, there are so many examples of other religions. 

Sense of taste & Lust of protein:

The disease of the world is that it is indulged in consuming the things which it likes, irrespective of the point whether it is good for others or not. If it is providing benefit to a certain group of people then we will use it. The same principle also works on the consumption of meat as well. Here, people who are eating meat are consuming meat for two prime reasons. The first one deals with the point of taste and enjoyment. The second point deals with the point that as much as one consumes meat that person will be able to build a muscular and strong body which is not true at all because we have several examples in the whole human class that there are people who have not eaten a piece of meat or flesh in their entire life despite that they are really powerful physically and mentally both. People think that only meat products are enriched in proteins but this is not true at all there are so many vegetarian items which have high proteins like soybeans, lentils, green vegetables like spinach and so on. Thus, people are more inclined towards the taste factor and they are not interested in safeguarding the life of the animals and the environment. I am sure that we have seen so many people in our surroundings who always talk about the life of pet animals but they intentionally and blissfully consume meat. What kind of history is this?

WHY SHOULD THE MEAT BE NOT CHOSEN?

Consumption of meat is such a devastating thing not only for the environment in terms of increasing greenhouse gases but also affects the environment and living organisms through various aspects. 

For instance, it brings the scarcity of water, it promotes atrocities on animals, it causes a lack of cereals and food grains and starvation is seen in various parts of the world, particularly in countries of Asia and Africa. By 2050, global meat consumption is projected to reach between 460 million and a staggering 570 million tons. 570 million tons would mean a consumption of meat twice as high as in 2008. Let's try to understand certain facts and figures concerning the adverse impact of meat consumption across the world:

1. The amount of water requires for 1 kilogram of the product:

• Chocolate: 24,000 litres
• Coffee beans: 21,000 litres
• Beef: 15,500 liters
• Sheep and goat meat: 8,800 liters
• Pig meat: 6,000 litres
• Cereals: 1,600 litres
• Fruit: 1000 liters
• Vegetables: 300 liters

Half of all water consumed in the US is used to grow grain for cattle feed.

2. Moreover, 8 litres of gasoline is required to produce one kilo of grain-fed beef.

3. As per an estimated figure, 2-3 calories of fossil fuel to produce 1 calorie of protein from soybeans, corn, or wheat. For beef, it takes 54 calories of fuel to produce 1 calorie of protein.

4. Meat has a much higher “energy footprint” than any other food. It takes 75 times more energy to produce meat than corn. It takes an area of vegetation 7 times the size of the EU to produce food for cattle and other livestock animals in Europe.

5. With this habit of eating meat, the world will not be able to feed 10 billion people in 2050. As 10 billion is such a huge number that if we go on the same path where we are going then definitely we will not be able to feed our children.

6. Almost half of the world’s harvest is fed to animals. Whatsoever agricultural products are grown on this planet are consumed by cattle only, so that we can consume their flesh.

Globally, 90 per cent of the ever-increasing soybean harvest goes for animal feed. Reduced meat consumption is needed to feed a world population of 10 billion people by 2050.

7. As per the report of WWF, 60% of global biodiversity loss is caused by meat-based diets. Meat production is so demanding in terms of resources, it affects biodiversity and contributes to the extinction of species.

8. Worldwide meat production increased nearly 5 times in the second half of the 20th century, and the amount eaten per person doubled. By 2050 meat consumption could increase by as much as another 160 per cent. This will put enormous pressure on crop and water resources.

9. Direct human activity and climate change are the cause of this - for example through the destruction of forests and coral reefs. 28.92% of species at critical risk of extinction

According to Nature, the main threats to biodiversity on Earth are:

• Exploitation: 37 % (hunting, fishing).
• Habitat degradation and change: 31 %
• Loss of habitat: 13 %
• Climate change: 7 %
• Invasive species: 5 %
• Pollution: 4 %
• Disease: 2 %

10. animals have also the right to live on this planet because first, they came on this planet and thereafter ns could get this body which they have currently. We need to provide their rights and also work for their protection. Animals also have emotions, they also feel, and they also want to live and thrive in their offerings. Animals are not objects to use according to the convenience of humans only. Animals are the ones who are also the procreation of the nature from which we have come. We need to protect all the animals who are being slaughtered all over the world currently. I would like to mention some of the names, especially buffaloes, goats, chickens and fish. Fishes which we are fishing from the oceans, and it seems that we will finish and will leave the ocean empty by continuously preying on the small fish which is not good at all for the marine ecosystem.

11. There are so many health issues which are also concerned with consumption even though there are some advantages concerning the nutritional values which are attached to meat we should think about what we are losing to get those proteins and nutrition. As per some studies, women who ate 1.5 servings of red meat a day had a 22 per cent greater risk of developing breast cancer. Consumption of red meat in particular has been reported to increase the risk of an ischemic stroke by 47 percent.

Can't we think about the alternative of meat to safeguard this planet? Such questions we need to ask ourselves.

ALTERNATIVE OF MEAT & DAIRY PRODUCTS

We need to understand the seriousness of this subject and how much we need to leave the consumption of meat and dairy products because if we do that then we will be able to stop the emission of almost 16 to 18% of greenhouse gas emissions in the environment and that will be a substantial step from the side of the human beings or prominently from the side of the nnon-vegetariansto decline the global warming across the world. Why I am saying dairy products as well because some animals are first used to give milk so that the dairy products can be made and sold in the market and when they become unable to produce more milk they are slaughtered in slaughterhouses like cows buffaloes. Therefore, we should shift towards vegetarian food products. Let's take a look at how various other vegetarian food items can help you to give a better and luscious taste in the following manner:

1. Vegetarian itemsMultifold food items contain high protein. 

Vegetarian foods like Lentils, Beans, Hemp seeds, Chia seeds, Edamame, Green Peas, Quinoa, Peanut butter and, Almonds are examples of oplant-based nutritional ingredients. There are some examples of how vegetarian items can enrich your life by adding meat to them. Pay your keen attention to the following ingredients which can give you a great taste as well as nutrients:

• Beans and lentils: Beans and lentils are low in fat but packed with protein,f fibre vitamins, and minerals that you won’t find in meat. Use beans and lentils to replace meat in chilli, tacos, salads, and no-meatloaves. e.g: Sweet Potato Lentil Chili
• Tofu is beneficial for cancer prevention, heart health, and bone health! It’s versatile and can work like eggs or meat in scrambles, stir-fries, soups, or sandwiches. e.g: Tofu Zucchini Scramble. 
• Portobello mushrooms have a meaty flavour and texture that make them an ideal low-fat, cholesterol-free meat alternative! e.g.: Marinated Mushroom Burgers. 
• Seitan, or wheat gluten, is a high-protein meat alternative that mimics meat in taste and texture. Grill, bake, shape into roasts, and add to stir-fries!e.g.g: Seitan Piccata.

Meat replacements, like veggie burgers and veggie crumbles, are available in most grocery stores. While whole foods are best, these can be great to use for transition foods or special occasions.

2. Vegan: 

It reflects the subject that the lives of the animals are important plus safeguarding the environment and this planet is our duty. Vegan means that a person leaves all the food items that are anyhow made up through animal contributions such as flesh, eggs, and milk products.

Research has shown that a vegan diet can help do the following:

• Promote weight loss
• Manage diabetes by lowering A1C levels
• Reduce your risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol levels
• Diminish your chances of getting certain types of cancer, such as colon cancer.

3. Plant-based milk: 

Taking into consideration the significance of milk, particularly cow milk for children and elderly people. It is comprehending that total prohibition on milk production cannot be done and I think it is also not suitable, however, at the same time we need to understand the concern of the environment and by keeping that fact in mind we can minimise the production of milk from animals and we can go towards the plant-based milk production. To do so we need to ban artificial insemination-like procedures so that the breeding of animals can be diminished at a great level and animals can be produced only by the natural process which has its own time of consumption and that will lead to less number of cattle on this planet. If we do so then the question arises here how we will be able to meet the demand for milk for our requirements the answer is we can go on plant-based milk sources such as:

• Soya milk has been the most popular non-dairy substitute for decades because its nutrition profile closely resembles that of cow's milk. 
• Almond Milk. Almond milk is a great dairy alternative when you are looking to cut calories. Almond milk is creamier and thicker than other alternatives since its calories come from healthy, unsaturated fats.
• Rice Milk: It usually contains the same amount of calcium and vitamin D as cow’s milk.
• Coconut Milk: This milk offers 30 per cent of your daily value (DV) of vitamin D and 50 per cent of your DV of vitamin B-12. 
• Cashew Milk: Cashew milk is made by blending cashews with water, resulting in a creamy liquid. This milk is often fortified with calcium and vitamins A, D and B-12. 

Notable, most of these sources do not have as much protein as the proper milk has. To avoid this issue we can either take supplements or consume the milk of cattle once in a while which will put less burden on cattle.

4. Indian style: 

As you know India is well known country across the world for its diversity in almost all kinds of things whether it is concerned with religion, language, clothing, geography or even food items. India is such a country which is the most populous country in the entire world Despite that the per capita meat consumption in India is less and that is an appreciatable part of the world trying to understand how the Indians are doing such a remarkable thing concerning less consumption of meat despite being a huge population. India's per capita consumption is just 14 kg per person but there are various countries like the USA whose per capita meat consumption is 149 kg, and Spain has 140 kg which is astonishingly far ahead of India. In this case, the world must learn from India and when I say this thing then it doesn't mean that India is lacking food varieties. I must tell you here that India is such a country which has the greatest number of food varieties and it is especially known for its street food. And if the world noses about the varieties of food in India then they will properly forget about the concept of taste and enjoyment in meat.

5. 3D-Printed meat: 

It is made from cultured meat, which means it is lab-grown, cell-based or cultivated. While it’s created from the fat and muscle cells of an animal, the process does not require slaughtering livestock. 3D-printed meat is made by having animal stem cells undergo in vitro cell proliferation inside a bioreactor for several weeks, where they multiply and differentiate into fat and muscle cells. This cell filament is then dispensed into the shape and texture of meat, which becomes re-incubated then cooked.

MEASURES: How to save the environment?

There are some solutions to reduce the emission of methane so let's take a look through the following points: 

1. The study noted four broad strategies for mitigating methane emissions:
   
   • Animal breeding and management.
   • Feed management, diet formulation and precision feeding.
   • Forages.
   • Rumen manipulation.
2. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has developed an anti-methanogenic feed supplement ‘Harit Dhara’, which can curtail cattle methane emissions by 17-20%. Moreover, it can also result in higher milk production.
3. After meat production, rice production is also the cause of methane production. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has developed technologies to mitigate methane emissions from rice cultivation.
   
4. India shifted from Bharat Stage-IV (BS-IV) to Bharat Stage-VI (BS-VI) emission norms.
5. At the Glasgow climate conference (UNFCCC COP 26) in 2021, nearly 100 countries came together in a voluntary pledge, referred to as the Global Methane Pledge, to cut methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030 from the 2020 levels.
6. In India, people need to reduce the consumption of milk. India is the biggest producer and consumer of milk. India needs to understand the pain of the animals and the pain of nature as well. People who are physically well or adults need to consume milk only once in a while and shift the requirement of milk to plant-based milk products.
   
7. Prohibition on the usage of artificial insemination. Artificial insemination is a process in which cows or cattle are impregnated by administering injections instead of a natural process. The milk farmer does it deliberately to get the cow-produced milk continuously and due to prolonged pregnancy again and again cows or cattle fall sick and die in a trauma. Further, cows are daily being injected oxytocin to get them produced milk. This is an atrocity which must be stopped.
   
8. Compassion is the biggest solution to this issue. People need to understand that GDP growth is not the real parameter to measure development. We need to be modern and not the machine of consumption of anything. We need to act according to the situation and we are supposed to move forward in time with a sustainable approach and not with the approach to consume anything irrespective of its environmental impact.

CONCLUSION

According to recent estimates, the atmospheric concentration of methane today is three times what it was 300 years ago.

In every problem, there are always some solutions but there is one thing which is needed to solve the problem that is the implementation factor. If any solution to a problem is implemented properly then there is the maximum possible to resolve the issue. 

We need to shift our lifestyle from non-vegetarianism to vegetarianism because it is a concept in the economy of demand and supply. If there is demand then there will be a supply chain for it. Thus, we need to understand our obligation regarding the planet and refrain from consuming meat. 

.    .    .

REFERENCES:

• ourworldindata.org
• peta.org 
• animalequality.org
• www.ciwf.com
• www.theworldcounts.com
• dw.com
• www.pcrm.org
• www.roswellpark.org
• www.drishtiias.com
• builtin.com