“Smartphone addiction has become an inevitable part of life. People are so reliant on it that the younger generation believes that life would be unbearable without it. Consequently, numerous harmful side effects have been discovered.”

INTRODUCTION

Smartphones are extremely significant and beautiful communicative instruments that are used by individuals of all ages, particularly the younger generation. A person feels half-finished without a smartphone, and it has become a necessity of the hour. It has brought a wealth of information resources into the palm of one's hand. On social media, people stay in touch and learn about every advancement in all aspects of life in real-time. Smartphones have an impact on all aspects of life, including business, education, health, marketing, and social life. However, it is important to note that every technology has advantages and disadvantages. It has also produced a variety of health problems and misery for people, particularly youngsters, such as eye strain, neck and back discomfort, hypertension, and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate and investigate the impact of Smartphones on the lives of the younger generation and discusses the possible major health risks that digital gadgets pose to children, as well as the precautions that can be taken to protect them. To determine the study's objectives, a web-based literature survey was conducted. Several scholarly databases were searched to gather the most reliable and qualitative information on the study.

SMARTPHONE IN REALITY

The first Smartphone, known as a Simon Smartphone, was created by IBM in 1992. This was a significant development in the world of technology as well as in terms of people's needs. Smartphones, as their name suggests, provide access to a world of information resources that are simple, rapid, and affordable. The electronic gadget can successfully perform functions and is made up of both hardware and software components. It can perform many of the same functions as a computer, including talking, sending messages, taking images, watching and sharing videos, business, and entertainment. Furthermore, smartphones have several physical characteristics that distinguish them from regular phones, particularly any activity that requires the use of a touch screen. Among the younger age, smartphones have become incredibly crucial and great communicative instruments. Without a smartphone, one feels incomplete, and it has transformed many aspects of human life, including education and research, business, health, sports, and entertainment.

For many years, it has been seen that smartphone usage has expanded dramatically. Everyone is in touch with it at any given time, whether in a public area, at work, or a family gathering. According to research, the majority of people, particularly the younger generation, are preoccupied with phoning, checking messages, watching or sharing videos, updating, chatting, and so on, and this has become an unavoidable aspect of their lives. It appears that a young person's life cannot function without the use of a smartphone. With internet connectivity, anything that happens everywhere, at any time, becomes known in a matter of seconds and spreads swiftly around the world. However, the usage of smartphones has had a negative impact on people's social, psychological, and physical lives, particularly among the younger generation.

It has both positive and negative consequences. It can be used as an instructor, a reminder, an instructional tool, or an entertainer. On the other hand, it serves as a distraction, interrupting you when you are working on vital tasks with useless notifications and disrupting your social life. It also causes problems at places of worship.

SMARTPHONES IN RESEARCHES

Smartphones are among the most innovative and communicative devices available today. let’s look at a few of the research findings on this:

• According to the research conducted by Linsys, smartphones keep users entertained with a variety of apps such as games, music, and movies. It also allows users to interact socially through multiple platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. However, it has had a detrimental impact on people's lives, such as the development of obsessive behavior and the creation of issues such as security hazards, hacking, and even being spied on.
• According to the research data of Sarwar & Soomro, these technologies have a significant impact on society. Smartphones have an impact on practically every industry, including education, business, and entertainment. It causes people distress in a variety of ways, including threats to their privacy, disrespectful behavior, work distraction, and so on.
• Campbell in his research article, the use of mobile phones has become a global phenomenon and an intrinsic element of the Young generation. Young people use technology in a constructive way to maintain social settings and family relationships, which has resulted in a shift in family dynamics around safety and monitoring. However, it hurts the younger generation, resulting in prejudice and cyberbullying.
• According to the study of Afaliq, the advancement of smartphone technology has had a positive impact on human civilization, allowing individuals to do work more readily and stay occupied, but it has also had a negative impact on people's lifestyles. It has been observed that teenagers are always texting, but adults have residual assignments such as phone calls, e-mails, and other related tasks.
• In a recent study of Bhalla, smartphones are a popular innovation and a necessity of the hour. It has both positive and negative consequences. It can be used as an instructor, a reminder, an instructional tool, or an entertainer, among other things. On the other hand, it can be a distraction because it may interrupt you when you are working on essential assignments with unnecessary notifications, and it can also be a nuisance in places of worship.
• Mount believes that smartphones have cleared the path for instant communication such as web surfing, education, and entertainment, among other things. However, it has had a detrimental impact on the lives of young people, such as health difficulties, poor social connection, and privacy risks, among other things.
• As per the recent study of Hongnguyen, Smartphones serve as a rapid communication tool, a way to stay in touch with loved ones, a way to listen to music and play games, and a way to study. On the other side, it is addictive and has negative consequences, including impaired vision, a lack of interpersonal communication, and even danger while driving a vehicle.
• According to Lenord, the popularity of smartphones among the younger population has skyrocketed. They keep in touch with one another and hence keep track of everything they can. As a result, it can cause serious back problems, nerve pain, anxiety, depression, and other issues.
• However, Tavasalker believes, as a result of technological advancements, 74 percent of India's population owns smartphones, which are beneficial in a variety of ways, including time savings, access to millions of apps, hands-free operation, free calls, messaging, and Wi-Fi, among others. As a result, smartphones are great new inventions that have influenced practically everyone, particularly the younger age. It is up to the user to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks so that it can be a productive rather than a harmful tool in their lives. Smartphone technology is a fantastic tool for supporting a variety of services, and people feel more empowered. Smartphones, combined with the availability of social media platforms, are critical components in delivering services such as improved communication, learning, business, and other applications.
• Similarly, Smith concludes that mobile phones are such a wonderful and useful technology, everyone should take advantage of them in a practical way; otherwise, it can lead to a variety of health problems such as Teen Tendonitis (pain in the hands, back, and neck caused by poor posture), Sleep Loss, Anxiety, Stress, and so on.
• Another recent work of Yale Tribune, on the other hand, finds that the rate of Smartphone manufacture has expanded dramatically, with 95 percent of Americans owning a smartphone. Using things like social media posts and keyword searches, this technology aids in the detection of disease epidemics. However, this technology has had detrimental consequences such as distraction and digital amnesia (memory dependence on these devices).
• Gotham & Kumar states in research that smartphones provide the most benefits in terms of education, social life, and entertainment.
• According to John, cell phones have resulted in a significant shift in people's lifestyles, and manufacturers are confident in providing users with a huge platform for communication and access to a diverse set of applications.
• Mojaheren believes, People like the variety of services they provide, such as learning opportunities, ways to improve one's personality, and business ideas.
• Tavasalker also highlights that smartphones save time, offer thousands of Apps, go hands-free, e-mails, Free calls, Chat, Wi-Fi, etc.
• Felecia states that it provides access to the internet, e-mails, and social networking sites and also finishes multiple tasks simultaneously.
• Anderson reveals that smartphones keep one connected with social networks and enable one to do online shopping, the latest news updates, and sports.
• While Purewal believes that cell phones have enhanced people's lives by giving a variety of services such as: keeping you safe even when you're alone, detecting earthquakes, making doctors mobile, always being on the scene, and assisting individuals with illnesses and disabilities, and so on.
•  Jung in a recent work, smartphone technology has become an integral part of people's lives, and many feel incomplete without it. It has several features, including the ability to capture images, get directions (GPS), monitor appointments and contacts, and is especially useful for business.

Based on the findings of the preceding investigations, it can be stated that this technology has transformed people's way of life in all aspects of human growth and paved the way for humans to obtain a variety of features to enjoy their lives. But there are still researches that reflect the Negative Effects of smartphones.

• According to Mount, individuals use smartphones for at least 5 hours per day, and app usage has increased dramatically, resulting in a decline in physical social engagement, distraction, addiction, and health issues, among other things.
• Leonard in his other work, smartphone use has evolved into a major addiction phenomenon, with female college students using their phones for an average of ten hours each day.
• According to another study, three out of every five smartphone users can't go more than 60 minutes without checking their devices. Another health-related condition, NOMOPHOBIA (fear of being without a phone), has emerged, as well as other health-related difficulties such as Nerve problems, Back problems, Anxiety, and Depression.
• Boumosleh and Doris reported that 35.9% of university students are fatigued throughout the day and 38.1 percent have poor sleep quality because they are addicted to cell phones till late at night in their study on smartphone addiction among university students.
• Kendra claims that heavy smartphone use can aggravate thumb arthritis through messaging on mobile phones. Shorter wavelength blue lights emitted by cell phones, on the other hand, bring health risks such as nerve pain, back pain, and shoulder pain.
• According to Kelley, it results in learning and comprehension suffering when reading on a smartphone.
• Markley states these devices cause ADHD-like symptoms in users, reducing satisfaction in social contexts due to the constant flow of information to their phones, as well as disconnecting parent-child relationships.
• In a most recent study Butler has identified the negative sides of cell phones, claiming that smartphone owners have created such sites to allow users to share private or financial data, posing a security risk.
• According to Parasuraman, Overuse of smartphones, can lead to psychological and physiological complications.
• Miller points out that cell phones emit radiation that affects our brain cells, altering existing cells and resulting in cancerous cells such as brain cancer. Aside from that, there has been a rise in the number of accidents as a result of drivers' attention being drawn to their phones while driving.
• In a similar vein, Arora states that it has been seen that children use smartphones for lengthy periods, playing games, and so on. As a result, sustained use and exposure might have negative consequences, such as tumors (radiation impacts), disrupted brain function, inappropriate media, and academic misconduct.

As a result of the foregoing, it can be argued that smartphone addiction has become an inevitable part of life. People are so reliant on it that the younger generation believes that life would be unbearable without it. Consequently, numerous harmful side effects have been discovered.

SMARTPHONES ON CHILD HEALTH

Daily, technology appears to be playing a larger role in our lives. Our children will interact with technology in ways we can't even imagine in the future. During the previous two decades, the use of digital technology has exploded. Cell phones have numerous advantages, including the simplicity of communication, the ability to communicate with friends and family at any time and from anywhere, and their efficiency. However, like with any technological advancement that brings such tremendous benefits, there are expenses associated with it. Mobile phones and cordless phones generate radiofrequency radiation when in use. The impacts of smartphone radiation are too strong for a child's brain to handle. Smartphones are also psychologically addictive, and the radio frequencies radiated by them have been shown to impact the development of children's brains. In addition to cancer, it is critical to address neurological illnesses, psychological addiction, cognition, sleep, and behavioral difficulties when considering the health implications of digital technology. The impact of change in behavior in children and teenagers as a result of their contact with current digital technology must be carefully assessed.

Smartphones are also psychologically addictive, and the radio frequencies they emit have been shown to affect children's brain development. When examining the health implications of digital technology, it is necessary to include neurological disorders, psychological addiction, cognition, sleep, and behavioral difficulties in addition to cancer. The impact of current digital technologies on children's and teenagers' behavior must be carefully studied. This article highlights the significant health concerns that digital gadgets may bring to children, as well as the safeguards that can be implemented to protect them. Smartphone radiation is just too powerful for a child's brain to tolerate. Smartphones are also psychologically addictive, and the radio frequencies they emit have been shown to affect children's brain development.

In recent years, smartphones have become a regular phenomenon. These pocket-sized cells are the magnitude of a laptop computer. They can do any task, from making a simple phone call to browsing the internet. This technology has an impact on both youngsters and adults. According to the Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection's judgment in a 2008 report to WHO states that Children who use mobile phones are likely to face the following health concerns in the near future.

MEDICAL CONCERNS

Smartphones encourage sedentary behavior, which contributes to obesity; utilizing a smartphone, tablet, or any other form of screen media requires a lot of sitting to pay attention to it. When given the choice between engaging in other activities, even physical activities, children addicted to technology will invariably choose their addiction. Obesity and other illnesses are a result of this, which can lead to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and other dangerous disorders. They can cause eye strain, especially if you stare at a screen for long periods. It can impact both children and adults, although youngsters are more likely to develop symptoms like pain, fatigue, impaired vision, headaches, and dry eyes, which are known as "digital eye strain."

• Body ache:
  Cell phone users are forced to look down at their phones while moving their wrists and fingers in unnatural ways. Repeating this regularly and for a lengthy period can result in pain and probably irreversible damage to the upper body's bones and joints, notably the neck and spine.
• Disturbed Brain Activity:
  Smartphones primarily rely on electromagnetic waves for all forms of communication. Phone waves can easily penetrate deep into the core regions of the brain since children's brains lack a solid barrier. According to a study, even speaking on the phone for two minutes can change the electrical activity inside a child's brain. This altered brain activity may have an impact on mood patterns and behavioral tendencies.
  Smartphones are a constant source of distraction for both adults and children, affecting their ability to learn. Smartphones and tablets may be able to replace hands-on activities, which are important for the development of sensorimotor and visual-motor skills. This has an impact on children's ability to learn and read, as well as their creativity.
• Behavioral issues:
  Namely ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and so on. Cell phones keep the brain busy all the time, kids are more irritable. Even in everyday interactions, they tend to become more enraged and enraged. These kids are so enamored with their phones that if they are taken from them for any amount of time, they become enraged. Parents typically give their children a smartphone or tablet to calm them down while they are having a temper tantrum. If these devices become the primary means of relaxing and distracting early infants, they will find it difficult to develop their internal self-regulation mechanisms.
• Misconduct in the Classroom:
  Many kids bring their cell phones to class. Students are increasingly conversing with friends or playing games during school breaks or even in class. As a result, students fail to pay attention in class, miss important lessons, and become disinterested in their studies and exams. Using an integrated calculator in examinations where it is not allowed, as well as storing photos or reference information to cheat on an exam, have all been observed in different schools. This type of behavior has a detrimental effect on academic performance as well as a personality issue
• Sleep Disruption:
  Teens seem to be having more trouble sleeping; they may stay up late talking to friends, playing games, or surfing social media, resulting in exhaustion, restlessness, and issues over time. Sleeping. Children are too fatigued to concentrate on what they are taught in school, so sleep has an impact on academic performance.

Interaction with others is a vital aspect of our overall success as humans. We develop these skills by interacting with others from a young age. If children spend more time interacting with technology than with humans, they will miss out on learning the skills necessary for a happy existence. Teenage pressure to be present on social media 24 hours a day, seven days a week has been related to low self-esteem, poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depression.

FINDING A SAFE ZONE FOR CELL-ADDICTION

Avoid giving cell phones to children as much as possible, as young children are particularly exposed to the effects of radiation. If there is a mobile phone tower in your building, nearby, or even close to the child's school, it is recommended that you take extra precautions because their radiation exposure is higher. Make it impossible for your youngster to bring a phone to school. In case of an emergency, keep the school's phone number and give them yours. At night, keep your cell phones with you and out of sight of your children. Your children may try to get a hold of it and use it without you knowing. Parents should monitor whatever their wards watch on such devices. And also parents' obligation to educate their wards about the pros and cons of Smartphones.

SAFETY MEASURES

It is vital to take the necessary safeguards to protect children's mobile phone safety while they are growing up.

 Cell phones should not be given to children under the age of 16 because it is vital for parents and other adults in the house to limit their phone use while they are around children. This will not only prevent radiation but also build a behavior pattern. Because young children lack the essential skull bone density and brain-protective tissue, they are vulnerable to the effects of radiation.

• Encourage him to engage in outside activities that will educate him on how to interact with other kids.
• Make it impossible for your child to bring a phone to school with him or her. Keep the school's phone number and give them yours in case of an emergency.
• Allowing your child to use a smartphone before bedtime is not a good idea.
• Monitor their smartphone usage to ensure it does not become a habit.

CONCLUSION

To summarise, Smartphones are excellent navigational tools that put a world of information resources at one's fingertips. Smartphones have radically altered people's lifestyles, and they are confident in providing users with a huge platform for communication and access to a diverse set of applications. Anything that happens in the world, at any time and from any location, becomes widely known in a short period. Smartphones, with their intriguing features and services, have made people's lives more delightful and have enabled them to keep track of every moment. In today's environment, the new cult of taking a selfie has become popular. The smartphone's technological capacity is immense, and it is an excellent learning tool for everyone, especially youngsters. These modern devices have made our lives much easier. It allows you to accomplish a lot of work in areas such as education, research, business, entertainment, and sports. Aside from that, smartphones keep you connected to social networks and give you access to online shopping, the latest news, and sports. When not utilized properly, however, it has been demonstrated to have negative implications. Teenagers, in particular, are very addicted to it, which has serious health consequences (such as vision problems, neck and back discomfort, alienation, and brain tumor) as well as financial consequences. A new phobia called NOMOPHOBIA (fear of being without a phone) has emerged as a fairly widespread concern among teenagers. Health-related difficulties such as nerve problems, anxiety, and depression are also major concerns. Overuse of smartphones has the potential to cause psychological and physiological problems. Moderation and limiting usage hours, on the other hand, go a long way toward assuring their well-being as well as instilling excellent behavioral patterns, moral values, and education. 

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