Terrorism is a chilling presence that has plagued humanity since the dawn of recorded history. While the term itself is relatively subjective and the acts it describes – violence used to spread fear and achieve political aims have long and serious effects. A brutally nationalistic Jewish section active during the Roman era is one of the earliest examples. Their tactics which included assassination and violent resistance against Roman rule bear an unsettling resemblance to modern terrorism. Similarly, the Assassins who were a secretive order of a group of people who were notorious for their targeted killings displayed a sophistication in organisation and methodology that continues to resonate today.
Though separated from us by centuries, these groups offer a chilling reminder of terrorism's continuing appeal. Their motivations – a desire for political change, religious dedication or a combination of both; reflect those of contemporary terrorist organizations. Their methods which included targeting civilians and exercising violence to spread fear resulted in continuing to terrorize societies worldwide.
Perhaps most importantly, the historical record demonstrates that even “failed” terrorist campaigns can leave a lasting scar. The Zealots and Assassins, despite their ultimate demise, continue to be studied and matched. This unattractive reality highlights the profound impact of terrorism not just in terms of immediate casualties but also in the way it shapes the course of history and spreads seeds of fear for generations to come.
Fast forward to the present day and terrorism has transformed into a global threat, a dark cloud hanging over world peace and national security, particularly for India. Its impact goes beyond the immediate bloodshed; it threatens the very core of democracy, freedom and human progress. The idea of terrorism is further amplified by the rise of modern technology. Sophisticated weaponry, once the exclusive domain of nation-states is now increasingly accessible to terrorist organizations this adds a terrifying new dimension to this global challenge.
The alarming rise in terrorist attacks in the 21st century demands a collective response. We must learn from the shadows of the past to understand the motivations and methods of these groups and work together to pull away from their networks and prevent future atrocities.
Importance of Connectivity for Regional Progress
Connectivity is essential for the progress of any region, according to India. Upholding the core principles of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) charter which includes respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of member states is crucial.
India’s Stance Against Terrorism
India reiterated its firm stance against terrorism by emphasizing that SCO member states must collectively combat this threat without any "double standards."
Address at SCO Council of Foreign Ministers Meeting
The Secretary of the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) for Economic Relations delivered these points at the SCO Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Astana, Kazakhstan on May 21. India congratulated Kazakhstan for its upcoming presidency of the SCO Council of Heads of State in 2024 and expressed gratitude for India's admission to the SCO in 2017 under Kazakhstan's leadership. The MEA Secretary also thanked Kazakhstan for their hospitality.
Absence of External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar could not attend due to India's general elections but he sent his best wishes for the meeting's success.
Welcoming Iran and Future Memberships
India welcomed Iran into the SCO and expressed condolences for the tragic deaths of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, Foreign Minister Amir-Abdollahian and others in a helicopter crash. India is also looking forward to Belarus joining the SCO as a member in July.
Shared Civilizational Ties
India emphasized its deep historical and cultural ties with the region by noting that the continuous exchange of goods, ideas, and people has significantly influenced the customs, traditions, language and cuisine shared among these nations. These historical connections should now pave the way for greater co-operation and people-to-people contact.
Central Asian Interests and SCO Engagement
The MEA Secretary highlighted the importance of Central Asian states in the SCO's activities by stating that the platform offers a unique opportunity for unity, collaboration, and prosperity, guided by the ancient principle of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (The World is One Family).
India's Positive Contributions Since 2017
Since joining the SCO in 2017, India has actively contributed to enhancing the organization's role on the global stage. During India's presidency last year, the focus was on advancing the theme ‘Towards a SECURE SCO’, an acronym standing for Security, Economic Cooperation, Connectivity, Unity, Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity and Environment.
Focus on Five Pillars of Cooperation
India has prioritized cooperation in five key areas: Science and Technology, Startups and Innovation, Traditional Medicine, Shared Buddhist Heritage and Youth Empowerment.
The Challenge of Terrorism
Addressing the global challenge of terrorism, the MEA Secretary stressed the need for decisive action to address this threat. He called for unity in fighting terrorism including cross-border terrorism and terror financing and insisted that there should be no "double standards" on such critical issues.
India's Voice at the SCO: Navigating Security Concerns and Promoting Regional Cooperation
India's stance at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) meeting, concerns and proposals that deal with the focus lies on maintaining regional security, fostering economic development, and advocating for a more inclusive and efficient SCO framework.
Security Concerns and Afghanistan: India expresses deep concern about the situation in Afghanistan by emphasizing its impact on regional stability. It calls for SCO nations to collaborate and ensure Afghanistan's territory isn't used to spread instability or extremism. This resonates with India's historical concerns about Pakistan's alleged support for cross-border terrorism.
Balancing Connectivity with Sovereignty: India acknowledges the importance of strong regional connectivity but stresses the need to respect SCO member states' sovereignty and territorial integrity. This appears to be an indirect criticism of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its Pakistan arm, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which India objects to due to its passage through disputed territory.
Maximizing Chabahar Port's Potential: India, a key developer of the Chabahar Port in Iran, welcomes Iran's SCO membership. This port serves as a vital trade route for Afghanistan, bypassing Pakistan. Utilizing Iran's membership to maximize Chabahar's potential and promote alternative trade corridors like the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC).
India's Leadership in Innovation and Healthcare: India's initiatives within the SCO include the Special Working Group on Startups and Innovation by fostering collaboration among member states' startup ecosystems. Additionally, the Expert Working Group on Traditional Medicine established by India, explores the use of traditional medicines within the SCO framework.
Digital Inclusion and Reform: India pushes for the adoption of English as an official SCO language by aiming to improve the organization's efficiency and international standing. Finally, it was emphasized about the importance of SCO reform and modernization to keep the organization relevant and effective.
India actively participates in the SCO by advocating for regional security, promoting alternative connectivity projects and pushing for organizational reforms. It was also emphasized that India's strategic objectives within the SCO and its efforts to shape a more inclusive and cooperative regional environment.
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