Today’s Smartphones have been around since the last six years when Apple launched its Smartphone in the consumer market, but in reality, the Smartphone has been in the market since 1993. The Smartphone era is divided into three main phases. 

The first Smartphone ‘Simon’ from IBM in 1993. Blackberry is considered the revolutionary device of the era; it introduced many features like Email, Internet, Fax &Camera. 

Apple revealed its first Smartphone in 2007. End of 2007, Google unveiled its Android Operating System. This phase logical started in 2008 with the upgrades in the mobile operating system, and within the last five years, there have been several upgrades in Apple iOS, Android, and Blackberry OS. 

Smartphone has created new dimensions for business. It is not only the Smartphone vendors enjoying the business, but it also created a new domain for mobile application developing companies, Internet services providers, and other sectors of life to utilize the Smartphone to gain competitive advantages.

EFFECTS OF RADIATION ENERGY OF MOBILE PHONES ON HUMAN HEALTH:

Smartphones allow people to interact and make new friends, but their use also affects human health. Increasing in technical development in the smartphone market, especially since the first smartphones were launched on the market in 2007, concerns about the electromagnetic radiation produced by various antenna setups and devices are rising. Smartphones combine three technologies to connect different kinds of sources. All these things work simultaneously and producing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) by producing electromagnetic fields.

CANCER:

Radiation from smartphones can make brain regions near the device burn more energy. Smartphones emit high-frequency radio waves during calls and data transfer. According to the American Medical Association Journal, recent studies have proved that radiation emitted during calls makes brain tissues use 7% more energy and might lead to brain cancer.

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER EFFECT:

Smartphones used close to the head had increased public concern about the adverse effects of mobile phone radiation in the nervous system. The main function of the blood-brain barrier is to regulate the transport of substances between the blood and the brain in humans and protect the brain from harmful compounds. Smartphones transmit electromagnetic waves in all directions, increasing the risk for brain cells to get damaged by radiofrequency and microwave radiation penetrating the human skull, which can be absorbed by tissues closer to the smartphones. Radiofrequency consists of a magnetic field and oscillating electric field that interacts with the human cells. This radiation is dangerous to brain activity and even leads to organ failure.

EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON ASTROCYTES:

Astrocytes are subtypes of glial cells that make up most cells in the human Central Nervous System (CNS). Astrocytes perform neuroprotective tasks such as promoting synaptic formation, stabilizing and regulating the blood-brain barrier, and neurotransmission. Radiofrequency exposure causes neurological damage. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability and oxidative damage are associated with brain cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. One hour of exposure of normal human astrocytes to smartphone radiation in conjunction decreases the number of astrocytes. DNA damage resulting from electromagnetic radiation can cause diseases that damage the glial cells, which can cause cancer.

RISK TO PREGNANT WOMEN:

Pregnant women and the fetus both are vulnerable because these RF radiations continuously react with the developing embryo and cell growth. These microwave radiations can damage the placental barrier, which prevents the passage of materials between the maternal and fetal blood, protecting the fetus, implying that pregnant women should avoid exposure to radiation from smartphones.

RISK TO CHILDREN:

Children are more vulnerable to mobile radiation as they absorb more radiation than adults from the same Smartphone as their body surface area is small and thinner cranial bones, lower cell volume, and greater conductivity of nerve cells. Children's cells regenerate more quickly than adults, which makes cancer more deadly.

IRREVERSIBLE INFERTILITY:

American society for reproductive medicine reported that the use of smartphones by men decreases sperm quality, sperm count, motility, and mobility and is related to the duration of smartphones usage. It is reported that 30% sperm count and damage decrease in intensive smartphone users. Radiation from mobile phones affects the DNA that can mutate and cause cancer. Damage of sperm DNA increases the risk and can pass on the genetic changes to subsequent generations.

EAR AND TINNITUS DAMAGE:

Radiation emitted by smartphones damage the delicate parts of the inner ear, and long-term and intensive mobile use for more than five years and longer period than 30 minutes in a day are at higher risk of hearing loss which cannot be reversed. Young people between 18 and 25 years of age suffer from hearing loss, which doctors say is due to excessive use of mobile phones. Anyone who spends two to three hours on mobile phones daily runs the risk of partial deafness over three to five years. This problem starts with pain in the ear that gradually develops into tinnitus or ringing sensation, leading to hearing loss.

CONCLUSION:

Continuous exposure to Electromagnetic radiation is harmful and harms the human body based upon the frequency and duration of exposure. EMR exposure at the highest frequencies is a source of serious biological damage. Everyone should know that exposure to such radiation may not be completely safe at certain power levels and frequencies. It is recommended to avoid unnecessary exposure to electromagnetic radiation whenever possible, even though technology makes our life comfortable but not worthy at the expense of our health.